Nulla poena sine lege or nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali - "No penalty without law" or "no crime, no punishment without a previous penal law". (1) One cannot be prosecuted for doing something that is not prohibited by law. (2) One cannot be prosecuted for doing something that was not prohibited by law at the time and place it was committed, notwithstanding laws made since that time. A form of prohibition on retroactive laws.⏎
Pacta sunt servanda - Agreements must be kept. Contracts are the law or contracts establish obligations (between those who sign them).⏎
Probatio vincit praesumptionem - Proof overcomes presumption.⏎
Par in parem non habet imperium - Equals have no sovereignty over each other.⏎